Gerd Carling

Historical and evolutionary linguistics

2022. Carling, G., Cathcart, C. & Round, E.. Reconstructing the origin of language families and variation. Oxford Handbook of Human Symbolic Evolution. Gontier, N., Lock, A. & Sinha, C. (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, (Oxford Handbooks).  DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198813781.013.34 (restricted) 

2021. Allassonnière-Tang, M., Lundgren, O., Robbers, M., Cronhamn, S., Larsson, F., Her, O.-S., Hammarström, H. & Carling, G. Expansion by migration and diffusion by contact is a source to the global diversity of linguistic nominal categorization systems. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 8, 1-6. Springer Nature.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-01003-5

Link to data and code on GitHub.

2021. Carling, Gerd* and Chundra Cathcart. Reconstructing the evolution of Indo-European grammar. Language 97(3).  DOI: 10.1353/lan.2021.0047

Link to data and code on GitHub and Zenodo.

2021. Carling, Gerd* and Chundra Cathcart. Evolutionary dynamics of Indo-European alignment patterns. Diachronica, July 23. https://benjamins.com/catalog/dia.19043.car

Link to data and code

2021. Van Epps, Briana, Gerd Carling*, and Yair Sapir, 'Gender assignment in six North Scandinavian languages: Patterns of variation and change', Journal of Germanic Linguistics, 33 (3), 264-315.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S1470542720000173

Link to data

2021. Carling, Gerd. Caucasian Typology and Indo-European reconstruction. In: Christopher Berglund, Katrine Gotfredsen, Jean Hudson & Bo Peterson (eds.) Language and Society in the Caucasus. Understanding the Past, Navigating the Present. Festschrift for Karina Vamling. Lund: Universus Academic Press, 47-58.

2021. Dellert, Johannes, Niklas Erben Johansson, Johan Frid and Gerd Carling*. Preferred sound groups of vocal iconicity reflect evolutionary mechanisms of sound stability and first language acquisition: evidence from Eurasia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 326(1874). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0190

Link to data and code

2021. Carling, Gerd*.  A dangerous story : The linguistic behaviour of the category sharp cutting implements. I Garnier, R. (Red.) Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft, Loanwords and Substrata : Proceedings of the Colloquium held in Limoges (5th - 7th Jun, 2018) (pp. 121-149), 164. Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft.

2020. Niklas Erben Johansson*, Andrey Anikin, Gerd Carling and Arthur Holmer. The typology of sound symbolism: defining macro-concepts via their semantic and phonetic features. Linguistic Typology 2020. DOI https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2020-2034

2019. Carling, Gerd, Sandra Cronhamn, Robert Farren, Elnur Aliyev, Johan Frid. The causality of borrowing: lexical loans in Eurasian languages. PLOS ONE 14(10):e0223588. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.02235882019.

2019. Carling, Gerd, Sandra Cronhamn, Love Eriksen, Robert Farren, Niklas Johansson, Joost van de Weijer. The Cultural Lexicon of Indo-European in Europe: Quantifying Stability and Change. In:  Guus Kroonen, James P. Mallory and Bernard Comrie (eds.), Talking Neolithic: Proceedings of the workshop on Indo-European origins held at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, December 2-3, 2013. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph No.65, 39-68.
2018. Cathcart, Chundra, Gerd Carling, Filip Larsson, Niklas Johansson, and Erich Round. Areal pressure in grammatical evolution: an Indo-European case study. Diachronica 35(1), 1-34.
2018. Carling, Gerd, Filip Larsson, Chundra Cathcart, Niklas Johansson, Arthur Holmer, Erich Round, Rob Verhoeven. Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics (DiACL) – A Database for Ancient Language Typology. PLOS One 13(10).
2017. Carling, Gerd (ed.). DiACL - Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics Online. Lund University. Database with lexical and typological data from 500 languages of 17 families. https://diacl.ht.lu.se/ .
2017. Etymology and iconicity in onomatopoeia and sound symbolism. A Germanic case study. In Birgit Anette Olsen (ed.): Etymology and the European Lexicon, Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert, 93-103.
2016. Language: the role of culture and environment in proto-vocabularies. In Sonesson, Göran (ed.): Human Lifeworlds: The Cognitive Semiotics of Cultural Evolution. Peter Lang, 83-121.
2015. Niklas Johansson & Gerd Carling. The De-Iconization and Rebuilding of Iconicity in Spatial Deixis. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 47.1, 4-32. DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2015.1006830.
2014. Carling, Gerd & Niklas Johansson. Motivated language change: processes involved in the growth and conventionalization of onomatopoeia and sound symbolism. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 46.2, 199-217. DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2014.990293

Tocharian
2018. Carling, Gerd. Tocharian Syntax. In: Jared Klein, Brian Joseph & Mathias Fritz (eds.) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics. An International Handbook of Language Comparison and the Reconstruction of Indo-European. HSK 41. Berlin – New York: De Gruyter, 1352-1364.
2013. Carling, Gerd (ed.). Tocharian A corpus (transcriptions, translations, references). Published via database CeTOM, Vienna University (ed. Melanie Malzahn). https://www.univie.ac.at/tocharian/ http://www.univie.ac.at/tocharian/.
2009. A Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A. Vol. 1 A-J. By Gerd Carling in Collaboration with Georges-Jean Pinault and Werner Winter. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (210p). 
2012. Carling, Gerd. Development of form and function in a case system with layers: Tocharian and Romani compared. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 13, 57-76.
2008. Carling, Gerd. Reconsidering the system: verbal categorization and the coding of valency in Tocharian. In: Jens Elmegård Rasmussen & Thomas Olander (eds.) Internal Reconstruction in Indo-European. Methods, results and problems. Section Papers from the XVIth International Conference for Historical Linguistics, University of Copenhagen 11th-15th August, 2003. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 49-63.
2007. Carling, Gerd. The vocabulary of Tocharian medical manuscripts. In: Vivienne Lo – Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim (ed.) Asian Medicine. Tradition and Modernity. Vol. 3 – No 2 2007. Leiden: Brill, 323-333.
2006. Carling, Gerd. Notes on the syntactic functions of the Tocharian clitic pronouns. In: Gerd Carling (ed.) Giš.hurgul-za-at-ta-ra. A Festschrift for Folke Josephson on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday. Göteborg: Meijerbergs Arkiv för Svensk Ordforskning 32, 39-49.
2005. Carling, Gerd. Proto-Tocharian, Common Tocharian, and Tocharian – on the value of linguistic connections in a reconstructed language. In: Jones-Bley, Karlene, Huld, Martin E., Volpe, Angela Vella, Dexter, Miriam Robbins Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference. Journal of Indo-European Studies. Monograph Series 50, 47-70.
2004. Carling, Gerd. Tocharian B erkatse [A *arkäts] and related phenomena. In: Adam Hyllested, Anders Richardt Jørgensen, Jenny Larsson, Thomas Olander (eds.) Per Aspera ad Asteriscos. Studea Indogermanica in honorem Jens Elmegård Rasmussen. Innsbruck: Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft nr. 112, 95-101.
2003. Carling, Gerd. New look at the Tocharian B medical manuscript IOL Toch 306 (Stein Ch.00316.a2) of the British Library – Oriental and India Office Collections. Historical linguistics 116, 75-95.
2003. Carling, Gerd. Fragments bilingues du Yogaśataka. Révision commentée de l’édition de Jean Filliozat. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 10, 37-68.
2003. Carling, Gerd. Middle-passive and causative: valency-change in the Tocharian B -e-presents without initial palatalization. In: Georges-Jean Pinault, Brigitte Bauer (eds.) Language in Time and Space. A Festschrift for Werner Winter on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday. Berlin – New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 63-76.
1999. Carling, Gerd. The Tocharian inflected adverbials and adpositions in relation to the case system. Tocharian and Indo European Studies 8, 95-110.
2000. Carling, Gerd. Die Funktionen der Lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin - New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
1999. Carling, Gerd & Folke Josephson. PERLATIVE and INSTRUMENTAL in Sanskrit and Indo-European. In: Categorisation and Interpretation. Indological and comparative studies from an international Indological meeting at the Department of Comparative Philology, Göteborg University. Göteborg: Meijerbergs arkiv för svensk ordforskning 24, 77-105.

Romani chib
2016. Carling, Gerd, Mikael Demetri, Angelina Dimiter-Taikon, Lenny Lindell, Allan Schwartz. Romer. 500 år i Sverige. Språk, kultur och identitet. [Roma. 500 Years in Sweden. Language, Culture, and Identity]. Linköping: Linköping University Press.
2014. Carling, Gerd, Lenny Lindell and Gilbert Ambrazaitis. Scandoromani. Remnants of a Mixed Language. Leiden – Boston: Brill (Series Language, Cognition, and Culture) (295p.). Review: Romani Studies 25 (2015) (Yaron Matras).
2008. Lenny Lindell, Kenth Thorbjörnsson-
Djerf† & Gerd Carling. Ordbok over svensk romani. Resandefolkets språk och sånger. Bearbetad och med inledning/ grammatik av Gerd Carling. Stockholm: Podium / Språkrådet.
2005. Carling, Gerd. Romani i svenskan. Storstadsslang och standardspråk. Stockholm: Carlssons.

South American linguistics
2017. Carling, Gerd, Sandra Cronhamn, Elis Jarl Skute, and Wary Kamaiurá. Deixis in narrative. A study of Kamiurá, a Tupí-Guaraní language of Upper Xingú, Brazil. In Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, 9(1), s. 13-48.
2013. Carling, Gerd, Love Eriksen, Arthur Holmer & Joost van de Weijer. Implementing the matrix model: the method of contrasting linguistic and archaeological data by means of GIS and cluster analysis of the Arawakan language family. In: Anju Saxena & Lars Borin (eds.) Comparing Approaches to Measuring Linguistic Differences. Berlin - New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Germanic linguistics

2019. Van Epps, Briana, and Gerd Carling. Patterns of gender assignment in the Jamtlandic variety of Scandinavian. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 2019, 1-33.

Open access databases
to appear. Carling, Gerd (ed.). CeDICT. Comprehensive e-Dictionary of Tocharian A. Lund University.

Carling Gerd, Rob Verhoeven, Filip Larsson, Olof Lundgren & Linus Nilsson (2021). New functions and updates of the resource DiACL – Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics (Version 2.1). In: Erica Biagetti, Chiara Zanchi & Silvia Luraghi (eds.) Building New Resources for Historical Linguistics. Pavia: Pavia University Press, 125-136. https://www.paviauniversitypress.it/catalogo/building-new-resources-for-historical-linguistics/5690
2017. Carling, Gerd (ed.). DiACL - Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics Online. Lund University. https://diacl.ht.lu.se/, https://snd.gu.se/sv/catalogue/study/ext0269.
2013. Carling, Gerd (ed.). Tocharian A Corpus (transcriptions, translations, references). Published via database CeTOM, Vienna University (ed. Melanie Malzahn) (https://www.univie.ac.at/tocharian/).

Teaching materials

2020. Ancient Indo-European Grammars Online: Tocharian Introduction and Morphosyntax (6 online lectures), Göttingen University.

2013. Carling, Gerd, Victoria Johansson, Arthur Holmer m.fl. (2014) Språket, människan och världen. Människans språk 1&2. [Language, man, and the world]. Teachers Guide. Lund: Studentlitteratur. ISBN 9789144087429. (Teacher’s guide (printed/ e-book). Role: main author/editor.)

2013. Johansson, Victoria, Gerd Carling, Arthur Holmer m.fl. (2013) Språket, människan och världen. Människans språk 1&2. [Language, man, and the world]. Lund: Studentlitteratur (344pp). ISBN 9789144083391. (Course book, upper secondary school/ basic university level (printed/ e-book). Role: co-author/editor.)

2013. Carling, Gerd. “Languages of the World”. In: Johansson, Victoria, Gerd Carling & Arthur Holmer m.fl. Språket, människan och världen. Människans språk 1 & 2. Lund: Studentlitteratur. (Book chapter. Role: co-author.)

2013. Carling, Gerd. “Writing Systems”. In: Johansson, Victoria, Gerd Carling & Arthur Holmer m.fl. Språket, människan och världen. Människans språk 1 & 2. Lund: Studentlitteratur. (Book chapter. Role: main author.)

2013. Carling, Gerd. “Language as bearer of culture”. In: Johansson, Victoria, Gerd Carling & Arthur Holmer m.fl. Språket, människan och världen. Människans språk 1 & 2. Lund: Studentlitteratur. (Book chapter. Role: main author.)

2013. Carling, Gerd. “Thoughts about language”. In: Johansson, Victoria, Gerd Carling & Arthur Holmer m.fl. Språket, människan och världen. Människans språk 1 & 2. Lund: Studentlitteratur. (Book chapter. Role: main author.)

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